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AIM:To explore the relationship between the different stages of diabetic retinopathy and the related factors of vascular endothelial function,and to provide a theoretical basis for improving the function of vascular endothelium to find a way to delay or even inhibit the occurrence or progression of DR.METHODS:We collected during March 2015 to December 2015 in Department of Ophthalmology and endocrinology in our hospital,178 cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and 62 cases of blood specimen in health control group.According to the results of fundus fluorescence angiography (FFA),they were divided into four groups,diabetes patients without retinopathy,diabetes patients with non proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR),diabetes patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and healthy control group.We detected blood samples of antithrombin Ⅲ (AT-Ⅲ),fibrinolytic enzyme activation inhibitor (PAI),the original organization type fibrinolytic enzyme activator (t-PA) index and the correlation of diabetic retinopathy in installment.RESULTS:This study showed that AT-Ⅲ was significantly different among the four groups (F=5.986,P＜ 0.01);PAI was significantly different among the patients without DR,patients with NPDR and patients with PDR (F=7.434,P＜0.01);t-PA was not significantly different among the four groups (F=2.556,P＞ 0.05);there were relations between the different stages of diabetic retinopathy and AT-Ⅲ,PAI.CONCLUSION:The degree of diabetic retinopathy has a close relationship with the content of antithrombin Ⅲ and plasminogen activator inhibitor,and it is closely related to the function of vascular endothelium.
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Objective To study the inhibitory effect of Gallnut on the biofilm of Candida albicans. Methods MTT assay was used to determine the inhibitory effect of Gallnut on biofilm formation and mature biofilm. RT-PCR was used to determine the effect of Gallnut on the expressions of ALS1 and CPH1 genes. Results Gallnut has a stronger inhibitory effect on Candida albicans biofilm formation, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) for inhibition of biofilm formation both are 128mg/mL. Gallnut also has a strong inhibitory effect on the mature biofilm of Candida albicans, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is 256mg/mL. Gallnut could significantly reduce the gene expressions of ALS1 and CPH1. Compared with the control group, 64 mg/mL Gallnut act on Candida albicans after 16h, the gene expression of ALS1 and CPH1 decreased by 79.2% and 82.0% respectively. Conclusion Gallnut has a significant inhibitory effect on the formation and maturation of Candida albicans biofilm. The inhibitory effect of Gallnut on the adherence and invasion of Candida albicans is mainly through inhibiting the expressions of ALS1 and CPH1 genes.
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Objective To study the inhibitory effect of Gallnut on the biofilm of Candida albicans. Methods MTT assay was used to determine the inhibitory effect of Gallnut on biofilm formation and mature biofilm. RT-PCR was used to determine the effect of Gallnut on the expressions of ALS1 and CPH1 genes. Results Gallnut has a stronger inhibitory effect on Candida albicans biofilm formation, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) for inhibition of biofilm formation both are 128mg/mL. Gallnut also has a strong inhibitory effect on the mature biofilm of Candida albicans, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is 256mg/mL. Gallnut could significantly reduce the gene expressions of ALS1 and CPH1. Compared with the control group, 64 mg/mL Gallnut act on Candida albicans after 16h, the gene expression of ALS1 and CPH1 decreased by 79.2% and 82.0% respectively. Conclusion Gallnut has a significant inhibitory effect on the formation and maturation of Candida albicans biofilm. The inhibitory effect of Gallnut on the adherence and invasion of Candida albicans is mainly through inhibiting the expressions of ALS1 and CPH1 genes.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN DBS) is effective against advanced Parkinson's disease (PD), allowing dramatic improvement of Parkinsonism, in addition to a significant reduction in medication. Here we aimed to investigate the long-term effect of STN DBS in Chinese PD patients, which has not been thoroughly studied in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ten PD patients were assessed before DBS and followed up 1, 3, and 5 years later using Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III (UPDRS III), Parkinson's Disease Questionnatire-39, Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale-Chinese Version, Mini-mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Hamilton Anxiety Scale and Hamilton Depression Scale. Stimulation parameters and drug dosages were recorded at each follow-up. Data were analyzed using the ANOVA for repeated measures.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the "off" state (off medication), DBS improved UPDRS III scores by 35.87% in 5 years, compared with preoperative baseline (P < 0.001). In the "on" state (on medication), motor scores at 5 years were similar to the results of preoperative levodopa challenge test. The quality of life is improved by 58.18% (P < 0.001) from baseline to 3 years and gradually declined afterward. Sleep, cognition, and emotion were mostly unchanged. Levodopa equivalent daily dose was reduced from 660.4 ± 210.1 mg at baseline to 310.6 ± 158.4 mg at 5 years (by 52.96%, P < 0.001). The average pulse width, frequency and amplitude at 5 years were 75.0 ± 18.21 μs, 138.5 ± 19.34 Hz, and 2.68 ± 0.43 V, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>STN DBS is an effective intervention for PD, although associated with a slightly diminished efficacy after 5 years. Compared with other studies, patients in our study required lower voltage and medication for satisfactory symptom control.</p>